The 100 most visited websites of Nizhny Novgorod

v is visitors from the region over 31 days. The class sets the uncertainty, and the uncertainty sets the significant digits: d = ⌊−lg ε⌋ + 1.

A direct measurement

The counter keeps a regional tally. Three significant digits.

B conversion between measures

The total audience u is measured; ln (v/u) ~ N(μ, σ²). n = 7, μ̂ = 1.47, σ̂ = 0.94, ĝ = e^μ̂ = 4.3 (95% CI 2.2 … 8.7), GSD = e^σ̂ = 2.6; 68%: [v̂/GSD, v̂·GSD]. One significant digit.

C upper bound

The ranking threshold θ = 0.20 gives v < θ u_RU — a consequence of the selection rule, not an assumption.

D estimate from rank

Least squares over log ranks, halved and capped at the median of the measured rows; not given to a domain that hosts other sites. Correlation with traffic: ρ_S = 0.57 (Tranco), 0.29 (Majestic); median place error ≈ 10 of 100.

E no measurement

lg v = a + b lg ρ: n = 25, R² = 0.18, s = 1.07, interval ×÷ 1.2·10². Rejected.