List of victims of political repression in the selo of Pikshen, Bolsheboldinsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region.

  • BOGDANOV Boris Kuzmich

Born 1906, Erzya, son of Bogdanov K.A. In March 1930, he was deported from the selo of Pikshen, Bolsheboldinsky District, Mordovia, together with his wife Varvara Kuzminishna (born 1906) and their children Elena (born 1927) and Grigory (born 1929), to Ust-Kara in the Chita Region. In 1932, he and his family were sent via Krasnoyarsk to the Viktorovsky gold mine in the Severo-Yenisey District. He worked as a carpenter in the mine's maintenance workshop. The family was released after the war. Grigory died in 1931 while in exile.

  • BOGDANOV Kuzma Artemyevich

Born 1886, Erzya. In March 1930, he was deported from the selo of Pikshen, Bolsheboldinsky District, Mordovia, together with his children Afanasy (born 1919), Yakov (born 1908), and Matrena (born 1912), to Ust-Kara in the Chita Region. In 1932, he and his children were sent via Krasnoyarsk to the Viktorovsky gold mine in the Severo-Yenisey District. The family was released after the war. From September 1941, Afanasy served in the labor army in Krasnoyarsk at the Krasmashzavod plant. Yakov was mobilized in 1942 and was killed at the front. Report by Elena Borisovna Bogdanova

  • Menshoykин Matvey Fyodorovich

Born 1897, Nizhny Novgorod Region, selo of Pikshen; non-party; peasant. Resided: Nizhny Novgorod Region, selo of Pikshen. Sentenced by the troika of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU for the Middle Volga Krai on January 10, 1931; charges: under Articles 58-10 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Sentence: 6 months' imprisonment in a corrective labor camp. Rehabilitated on July 11, 1989. Source: Book of Memory of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Menshoykina Matrena Pavlovna

Born 1881, Nizhny Novgorod Region, selo of Pikshen; non-party; collective farm worker. Resided: Nizhny Novgorod Region, selo of Pikshen. Sentenced by the troika of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU for the Middle Volga Krai on November 10, 1931; charges: under Articles 58-10 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Sentence: exile to the Northern Krai. Rehabilitated on July 11, 1989. Source: Book of Memory of the Republic of Mordovia

  • SVYATKIN NIKOLAY IVANOVICH

Born 1876, native and resident of the selo of Pikshen, Nizhny Novgorod Region; non-party; peasant; married. Convicted on April 29, 1932, by the troika of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU for the Middle Volga Krai under Article 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR; sentenced to special settlement. Rehabilitated on August 17, 1989.

  • SVYATKIN FYODOR LAVRENTYEVICH

Born 1879, native of the selo of Rayevka, Nizhny Novgorod Region; resident of the selo of Pikshen; non-party; peasant; had a family of 6. Convicted on January 10, 1931, by the troika of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU for the Middle Volga Krai under Articles 58-10 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR; sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment in a corrective labor camp. Rehabilitated on July 11, 1989.

  • SINYAEVA EVDOKIYA FYODOROVNA

Born 1896, native and resident of the selo of Pikshen, Nizhny Novgorod Region; non-party; independent peasant woman; widow. Convicted on October 8, 1936, by the Special Council under the NKVD of the USSR under Article 58-10, Part 2, of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR; placed under overt surveillance at her place of residence for 1 year. Rehabilitated on February 3, 1993.

  • Turshatov Fyodor Maksimovich

Date of birth: 1904. Place of birth: Bolsheboldinsky District, selo of Pikshen. Place of work: foreman in the carpentry and woodworking workshop of the Krasnoye Sormovo Plant. Place of residence: Nizhny Novgorod. Special Council. Article 58-10. Sentence/administrative decision: 3 years in a concentration camp. Source: Book of Memory of Nizhny Novgorod Region. Case No. 8685

  • Turshatova Natalya Semyonovna

Born in 1911. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on November 21, 1995. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Erzyukov Anton Andreyevich

Born in 1882. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on February 23, 1998. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Erzyukov Panteleymon Vasilyevich

Born in 1911. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on August 15, 1997. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Erzyukova Matrena Andreyevna

Born in 1888, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Pikshen selo; individual peasant farmer. Resided: Nizhny Novgorod Region, Pikshen selo. Sentenced by: Special Board of the NKVD USSR on October 3, 1936. Sentence: 3 years' imprisonment. Rehabilitated on February 3, 1993. Source: Book of Memory of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Yamushev Pyotr Ivanovich

Born in 1890. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on July 14, 1997. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Yamushev Sergey Sergeyevich

Born in 1900. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on June 3, 1997. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Yamushev Fedot Ilyich

Born in 1888. Resided: Mordovia, Bolsheignatovsky District, Pikshen selo. Rehabilitated on January 11, 2002. Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia

  • Yamusheva Kseniya Makarovna

Born in 1895, Samara Region, Shentalinsky District, Borisovka village; Sentenced: in 1931, charged: under the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of February 1, 1930. Rehabilitated under the Law of October 18, 1991. Source: Book of Memory of Samara Region

Three Waves

The names listed above fall into three distinct waves, each of which followed its own course.

The first — dekulakization with deportation. In March 1930, the Bogdanov family was taken from Pikshen: Kuzma Artemyevich, born 1886, along with his children Afanasiy, Yakov, and Matrona, and his son Boris Kuzmich with his wife Varvara and their children Elena and Grigory. They were sent to Ust-Kara in Chita Oblast, and in 1932 were transferred via Krasnoyarsk to the Viktorovsky mine in Severo-Yeniseysky District.[1]

The second — sentences handed down by the troika under the plenipotentiary representation of the OGPU for the Middle Volga Krai, under Articles 58-10 and 58-11. On January 10, 1931, on the same day, Matvey Fyodorovich Menshoykин received six months in a corrective labor camp, and Fyodor Lavrentyevich Svyatkin, the breadwinner of a family of six, received five years. On November 10 of the same year, Matrona Pavlovna Menshoykina was exiled to the Northern Krai.[2]

The third — the Special Council under the NKVD of the USSR. On October 3, 1936, individual peasant farmer Matrona Andreyevna Erzyukova was sentenced to three years' imprisonment, and on October 8, widow Yevdokiya Fyodorovna Sinyayeva was placed under open surveillance at her place of residence for one year.[3]

The mechanism behind these decisions was set by the decree on the liquidation of the kulaks as a class, dated January 30, 1930: households were divided into three categories — the counter-revolutionary active were subject to execution and imprisonment in camps, large-scale proprietors were expelled from the krai, smaller ones were relocated within it; property, livestock, and buildings passed into the indivisible funds of the collective farms. In the Middle Volga Krai, which included the villages of the Boldino area, dekulakization had taken on a planned character by the 1930s.[4]

What became of the deported

The Bogdanovs worked as carpenters in the industrial workshop of the mine and were not freed until after the war. Afanasiy served in the labor army at the Krasnoyarsk Krasmashzavod from September 1941; Yakov was mobilized in 1942 and was killed at the front. Grigory, taken from the village at the age of two, died in exile in 1931.[1]

Kuzma Artemyevich himself lived until 1971. He was rehabilitated on July 26, 1996, by the Internal Affairs Directorate of what was by then Nizhny Novgorod Region.[1]

The rehabilitations stretched over thirteen years: 1989 — the Menshoykiny and Svyatkins; 1993 — Erzyukova and Sinyayeva; and continuing through 2002 — the Turshatovs, Erzyukovs, and Yamushevs. Kseniya Makarovna Yamusheva, sentenced in 1931 under the decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of February 1, 1930, was rehabilitated under the law of October 18, 1991.[2][3][5]

Where these names are scattered

Pikshen surnames appear scattered across the memorial records of several regions: the Book of Remembrance of the Republic of Mordovia, the database of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Mordovia, the Book of Remembrance of Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Book of Remembrance of Samara Region, and the Krasnoyarsk database of special settlers. The village is recorded in these sources sometimes under Bolsheboldinsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Region, sometimes under the Bolsheignatovsky District of Mordovia.[2][1][3][5]

These databases are brought together by "Otkryty Spisok" (Open List) — a publicly accessible compendium of information about victims of political repression in the USSR; cards for all Pikshen residents mentioned here can be found in it.[2][1][3][5]

The home village of those who were repressed is described separately: Pikshen, one of the Erzya villages of the Region, stands five kilometers from Bolshoe Boldino.[6]

See also

Sources

  1. ru.openlist.wiki — "Open List": Bogdanov Kuzma Artemyevich (1886), selo of Pikshen: dekulakization and deportation of 1930, rehabilitated on 26 July 1996 (archive)
  2. ru.openlist.wiki — "Open List": Menshoykin Matvey Fyodorovich (1897), selo of Pikshen; data source: Book of Memory of the Republic of Mordovia
  3. ru.openlist.wiki — "Open List": Erzyukova Matrona Andreyevna (1888), selo of Pikshen: Special Council under the NKVD of the USSR, 3 October 1936 (archive)
  4. cyberleninka.ru — Gavrilov K. G., Fedoseyeva L. Yu., Gavrilova T. V. Repression against the kulaks in the 1930s. Stolypinskiy Vestnik, 2020 (archive)
  5. ru.openlist.wiki — "Open List": Yamusheva Kseniya Makarovna (1895); data source: Book of Memory of Samara Oblast (archive)
  6. ngounb.ru — Nizhny Novgorod Regional Library named after V. I. Lenin: Bolsheboldinsky District, local history bibliography (archive)