The former name of Minin and Pozharsky Square, which for several centuries was one of the city's main trading centers. During the period of the Upper Bazaar's existence, the square was fortified with a deep moat and an additional outwork tower situated in front of the central Dmitrievskaya Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Historically, the division of Nizhny Novgorod into the Upper and Lower posad (trading settlement) took shape in the 13th century and persisted through the 17th century. The name "Upper Bazaar" emerged in the 19th century, when the word posad fell out of use and was replaced by bazaar, which emphasized the role of trade in the city's life: the Upper Bazaar denoted the upland, larger part of Nizhny Novgorod — as opposed to the Lower Bazaar, which stretched in a narrow band along the banks of the Oka and the Volga. The two parts of the city — the Upper and Lower Bazaar — were connected in the early 19th century only by the Lykov Bridge across the Pochaina River and the Ivanovskiy Descent inside the Kremlin, not counting the narrow paths along which livestock were driven down to the river to drink.