Khokhloma is a historic village in Komerinsky District, 20 km southeast of the district center on the Uzola, which gained worldwide fame for its handicraft of painted and specially lacquered wooden tableware. The settlement is mentioned in official documents from the 17th century and was named after a small river flowing nearby.

Here was the largest rural trading square in the Trans-Volga region, with sturdy brick warehouses; the bustling market was where handmade wooden tableware produced in the surrounding area was sold.

Around the village of Khokhloma lived spoon-makers, ladle-makers, wood-turners, and "painters" (krasilshchiki) who decorated "belyo" — plain unpainted tableware — with ornamental designs. This is where the name "Khokhloma painting" comes from.

Together with the nearby villages of Khryashchi and Novopokrovskoye, it is the birthplace of the world-famous craft. The "Khokhlomskoy Khudozhnik" (Khokhloma Artist) factory operates in the village.

The "Khokhlomskoy Khudozhnik" Factory

It grew from an artel of craftsmen who united in 1919. The factory produces everyday items and household tableware. It houses the entire complex production cycle of traditional wood-painted articles: from the turning shop to the drying and painting shops. In addition to the traditional spoon, the range includes a variety of tableware and so-called "small turned items".

Art Lesson: "Golden Khokhloma"

Belova Svetlana Pavlovna, art teacher

The article is filed under: Teaching of World Art Culture and Fine Arts

Objective: Introducing students to a folk craft of Russia — Khokhloma painting.

Objectives:

  • Educational: identify the features of Khokhloma painting, develop skills in composing decorative arrangements, and master the techniques and methods of Khokhloma painting.
  • Upbringing-related: shape and develop students' moral, work-related, aesthetic, and patriotic qualities; foster collectivist qualities, mutual politeness, and neatness; spark interest in the folk craft.
  • Developmental: develop students' educational understanding, creative thinking, and imagination.

Visual aids: Examples of ornament on costume, tableware, illustrations of tableware. On the board — a window, a stove, a table

Musical accompaniment: Russian folk music

Lesson plan

I. Organizational moment.

II. Studying the new topic.

Teacher: Children, the world we live in is overflowing with information and new technologies. It constantly pushes us forward and makes us quicken our pace. But decorative and applied art brings us back to our roots, to nature, to the naive beliefs of the Russian people that beauty created by their own hands will protect them and bring happiness. Today's lesson is "The Golden Patterns of Khokhloma Painting," in which we will get acquainted with the elements of the painting, touch upon the art of our ancestors and nature, and master the techniques and methods of Khokhloma painting. And for this, we will visit the Mistress of Khokhloma.

Presentation.

Student 1:

I am Khokhloma painting — A scattering of scarlet berries, Echoes of summer In the green of the grass. Groves and copses, Silken flashes, Sun-honeyed Golden foliage On a graceful beauty A brocade sarafan, Along waves of patterns. Rubies are blazing What sorcerers Dressed Khokhloma In this wondrous Festive attire:.. Khokhloma painting Is like sorcery, It begs on its own To become a fairy-tale song And nowhere in the world Are there such blossoms More wondrous than all wonders Our Khokhloma

I, the Mistress of Khokhloma, invite you to visit. Our village of Khokhloma is famous for its turned wooden articles. The painting decorates various wooden items: plates, bowls, cutting boards, boxes, spoons. This art originated at the end of the 17th century in the village of Khokhloma in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Today the "Khokhlomskoy Khudozhnik" factory exists in the village of Semino.

Teacher: So how is colorful Khokhloma tableware born? The wooden article is coated with a liquid clay solution ("vapa"). The clay fills the pores of the wood. It is rubbed with silvery powder The ornament is applied with oil paint After painting and drying, the articles are coated with linseed oil (5-6 times) Then they were placed in a hot oven — this is how the golden color appears. Under the effect of high temperature, silver turns into gold.

The teacher shows the tableware. It looks heavy and massive, but once you pick it up, you feel the lightness of the wood. Hot food does not change the color of the tableware, nor does it lose its beauty.

Student 2: Two painting techniques are used in the work:

I. Verkhovoye pis'mo (top painting). The pattern is painted in black, red, and green paint on the article's silvery (golden) background from above. After drying and repeated coats of linseed oil, the article's background acquires a golden color.

II. Fonovoye pis'mo (background painting) — a golden pattern on a black or red background. The pattern mostly consists of plant elements. The artists learn from nature. They take many elements from life. Their work shows the Russian people's love of nature.

Teacher: Children, let's find out which colors the artists prefer.

Student 3: The color palette of the painting is not rich. Besides red, black, and gold, green and yellow are also used. The combination of red and black gives the articles a festive, ceremonial look.

Teacher: Now let's get acquainted with the elements of the painting.

Student 4: An invariable element of the pattern in Khokhloma painting is the "travka" (little grass). The travka is covered with large and small curls resembling narrow little leaves. Other elements are also included in such a pattern: little leaves, berries, flowers, little birds. Sometimes the main elements (a flower, a cluster of rowanberries) are placed in the center, and around them little branches and grasses curve, as if growing outward. Khokhloma artists like to paint wild strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, black and red currants, and rowanberries on their articles. They call the berries by affectionate names, and sometimes even the same master will not paint them identically: they will slightly change the outline of a leaf, bend the little branches differently, scatter the flowers and berries — and the very same motif speaks in a new way.

Elements of Khokhloma ornament.

The teacher asks the students to trace the elements of the travka in the air.

Teacher: So, we have become acquainted with the wonders of Khokhloma painting — namely, we learned that it originated in the settlement of Khokhloma in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, learned that two techniques are used in the painting (top painting, background painting), became acquainted with the color palette (red, black, gold, green, yellow), as well as with the elements of the painting (travka, little leaves, berries, flowers, birds).

Teacher: Children, close your eyes, listen to the poem, and perhaps the poetic images will help you in your work.

Astonishing, Sprouting, Somehow idly alive, Young, not simple, Black-and-red grass, Leaves, berries, flowers And breathing in the beauty We enter the realm — The world of magical Khokhloma.

III. Practical work.

Teacher: And now, with the help of a magic little brush, let's bring the tableware to life, paint it with colorful patterns, and give it to our hostess as a gift.

The children paint templates of tableware.

IV. Summing up, grading.

Teacher: Look how your work has decorated the hostess's house, made it brighter and more beautiful. In memory of our lesson, the Mistress of Khokhloma gives you bookmarks with Khokhloma painting.

V. Homework assignment for students. Look at tableware at home, sketch the elements.

Contacts

  • OKATO code: 22234852000

See Also