Kishma is a river in Nizhny Novgorod Region, a right tributary of the Oka. It is 71 km long, with a drainage basin area of 795 km². It flows through Vachsky, Sosnovskiy, and Pavlovsky Districts.[1]
Hydrography
The river's source is located in the urochishche of Kolpenka on the border of Vachsky and Sosnovskiy Districts, near the bell tower of a disused church, approximately 3 km southwest of the village of Babkino. The elevation of the source is more than 140 m above sea level; the elevation of the mouth is 68 m above sea level. From its source, the Kishma flows north to the village of Matyushevo, then continues northward through Komarovo and Gomzovo, before turning west for its final 10 km. It empties into the Oka near the village of Okulovo.[1]
The river meanders heavily and flows through an open, karst-pitted terrain. The section from the village of Bogdanovo to Davydkovo is characterized by an inconsistent flow. Within the limits of the town of Vorsma, the Kishma passes through Vorsma Lake, situated in a large karst basin. Vorsma Lake (Toskanka) is a state natural monument of regional significance: it is protected as a habitat for rare plant species listed in the regional Red Data Book and as a nesting site for waterfowl and waterside birds. A hydraulic structure regulating the water level in Vorsma Lake (Toskanka) is located on the Kishma River; in 2022, a decision was made to carry out its major overhaul at a cost of 60.3 million rubles, with completion of the reconstruction planned for the second quarter of 2023. During the 2022–2023 reconstruction, the contractor installed a temporary dam made of sandbags and gravel; during the spring flood this dam was washed away, causing water from Vorsma Lake to partially drain into the Kishma and Oka rivers, resulting in a significant drop in the lake's water level.[2][1]
Connection with the Peremilovsky Hills
The left bank of the Kishma in the vicinity of Vorsma serves as the eastern boundary of the Peremilovsky Hills: on the current topographic map of Nizhny Novgorod Region, the label "Peremilovsky Hills" ends precisely at the left bank of the river near Vorsma, where the maximum elevation reaches approximately 150 m.[1]
Sources
- Wikipedia (ru) — Kishma (archive)
- KP — Nizhny Novgorod — A hydraulic structure is located on the Kishma River, regulating the water level in Vorsmenskoye Lake (Toskanka). In 2022, a decision was made to carry out a major overhaul of this hydraulic (archive)