Dmitry Nikolayevich Nadyozhny (October 24 [November 5], 1873, Nizhny Novgorod — February 22, 1945, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet military commander and lieutenant general. A native of Nizhny Novgorod, he was a graduate of the Arakcheyev Cadet Corps. He took part in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War; during the Civil War he commanded the Northern and Western Fronts of the Red Army.[1]

Origins and education

He was born into a noble family; his father was a forester.[2] He received his initial military education at the Count Arakcheyev Cadet Corps of Nizhny Novgorod, then graduated from the 1st Pavlovsk Military School in Saint Petersburg and was commissioned into the 14th Grenadier Georgian Regiment. In 1901 he graduated with distinction — in the first category — from the Nicholas General Staff Academy.[1]

Service in the Imperial Army

After the academy he served on the staffs of the Caucasus Military District and several other formations. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 he was wounded and subsequently came under the patronage of the Alexander Committee for the Wounded, 3rd class. For an engagement on the night of October 14, 1904, during the capture of the village of Bezymyannaya near the village of Wuzhanin, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th class (1908).[2]

In 1913–1914 he was on assignment in Manchuria, heading a group of Russian military instructors.[2] From the start of the First World War he commanded the 40th Kolyvan Infantry Regiment, was promoted to major general (seniority from April 18, 1914), and was awarded the Gold Sword of St. George.[2] From May 1916 he commanded the 10th Infantry Division, which fought in the battles near Lutsk; he later described these actions in a military-historical work, "The Battles of the 10th Infantry Division near Lutsk in July 1916" (Leningrad, 1926).[3] In April 1917 he took command of the 3rd Army Corps, and on April 29, 1917 he was promoted to lieutenant general.[1]

The Civil War

In the spring of 1918 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. He successively held the posts of chief of defense of the Finland District and military director of the Ural District Commissariat. In June–July 1918 he was a member of the military collegium of the North Urals–Siberian Front.[1]

From November 26, 1918 to February 19, 1919 he commanded the Northern Front; under his leadership the White forces were defeated near Shenkursk. He then headed the Western Front until July 22, 1919. In October–November 1919 he temporarily served as commander of the 7th Army, which was defending Petrograd against the forces of General N. N. Yudenich's Northwestern Army. For the defense of Petrograd he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.[2]

The interwar period and arrest

After the end of the Civil War he served as inspector of infantry of the Field Staff of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, then as assistant chief inspector of the Red Army. In 1922–1924 he commanded the 2nd Rifle Corps in Moscow, after which he moved into teaching at the Frunze Military Academy (1926–1931).[1]

On the night of January 1–2, 1931, he was arrested in the "Spring" case (Delo "Vesna") — a large-scale prosecution of former officers of the imperial army. He did not plead guilty. On July 18, 1931, he was sentenced to five years in corrective labor camps, commuted to three years of exile in the Urals; he was banished to Sverdlovsk. By a decree of July 7, 1932, he was released early and soon reinstated in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA).[2] He taught at the Kirov Military Medical Academy in Leningrad; in late 1941 he was evacuated with the academy to Samarkand.[4] On June 4, 1940, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. From 1942 he was in retirement.[1] He is buried at Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow.[4]

Sources

  1. cadethistory.ru — Nadezhny Dmitry Nikolayevich
  2. grwar.ru — The Russian Army in the Great War: Project Card Index. Nadezhny Dmitry Nikolayevich
  3. search.rsl.ru — Nadezhny, Dmitry Nikolayevich. — The Battles of the 10th Infantry Division near Lutsk in July 1916 / D. Nadezhny. — [Leningrad]: Military Printing House of the Administrative Office of the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs, the Revolutionary Military Council, and the USSR, 1926.
  4. biografiaru.wordpress.com — NADEZHNY DMITRY NIKOLAYEVICH (1873–1945) — Site No. 1